Baby Click Me One More Time

Market signals can be rather noisy and firms may over react or miss the signal entirely. In a similar way, the resource based view draws on causal ambiguity as an isolating mechanism — firms may misread noisy observations and imitate the wrong thing. This clip illustrates that problem as a firm ramps up to meet demand triggered by unusual activity on its web page…

Contributed by Russ Coff

A Different Script Ending…

The economics of video streaming and DVD rental brought Netflix to conclude that the businesses were better off separated. However, they erred in assuming that the separation would be well accepted by their customers. Below is the explanation of the separation and how it would affect users after the uproar ensued. Ultimately, the customer pressure pushed them to reverse their decision.

…and this brought the following reaction from Conan O’Brien:

Contributed by Jeff Martin

Flush with Cash…

A recent Wall Street Journal article points to a resurgence of toilet manufacturing in the U.S. but it is mostly under foreign ownership (like the Japanese company, Toto). Mary Tripsas has a nice HBS case on Toto’s attempts at entering the U.S. market and the WSJ article seems a nice conclusion to the story. A broader question one might ask is why product innovation has not penetrated the U.S, market in this industry. In Japan, top end toilets are highly differentiated and even link to electronic devices like Android smartphones. As such, this might spur discussion of when innovations are likely to take hold as well as questions about entry into new markets. Nevertheless, this video reminds us that there may still be a need for low tech solutions in this market…

Contributed by Russ Coff

Apple’s Addiction to Samsung

Apple is famous for being secretive about it’s proprietary knowledge. One would think that they would love to stop handing over their most strategic technical knowledge to Samsung, their biggest rival in smartphones. Nevertheless, all existing iOS core processors have been manufactured by Samsung. They just can’t stop themselves — the A7 chip continues the multi-year pattern of outsourcing production of the heart of the iPhone to their chief competitor. Rumors have been flying that Apple is going to switch to a new supplier, TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co). That may still happen in the near future but the fact that Apple could not shake it’s dependence on Samsung quickly despite large investments in TSMC speaks to the extent of Samsung’s manufacturing advantage. This would seem to prompt a nice discussion of capabilities, rivalry, and alliances…

Contributed by Russ Coff

Failing Newspapers Affect Crazy Loons

Ok so here is another funny Onion News Network story of how the death on newspapers affects crazy loons who fill their houses with old newspapers. However, there is a serious issue on how firms ensconced in old technologies respond to strategic challenges. Here is an academic paper by Adner and Snow on the topic. You may also be interested in their HBR article on the topic that may be useful for teaching.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Social Network Bingo

social20networkWe often try to convey to students how value can be created in social networks as actors gain access to more resources and knowledge. This exercise is a simple game of bingo where players have a list of resources they need to find to win the game (4 boxes in a row). To play, they simply find people in the room with specific attributes or knowledge and have them sign their card. I have added a simple twist that they can complete one box using an indirect tie (e.g., a friend of a friend). This teaches the very basics of social networks and serves as a nice ice breaker as well. Here are two Bingo card created for: 1) an exec ed program and 2) for a PhD Student Orientation. This gives you an idea of how to customize the exercise for the group. This can be useful to explore alliance networks at the organizational level or the role of individual networks in strategy formulation and implementation.

Contributed by Michael Sacks

Apple’s Rotten Core Competency?

Apple’s board is growing impatient and is calling for increased innovation as they try to put the loss of Steve Jobs behind them. At the same time, projections indicate that their anticipated product changes will be incremental at best. A recent article coins the term “frosted glass effect” to describe the incremental innovations that signal a fast moving challenger will soon leapfrog over a stodgy slow moving incumbent (like Apple). Not to be left out, the Onion has entered the fray as well. In short, stakeholders are wondering how critical Jobs was to Apple’s “organizational” capabilities — Has the core competence really rotted away? Some discussions of dynamic capabilities place great emphasis on organizational routines as the key elements that drive the ability to acquire, integrate, recombine and release resources and capabilities (e.g., see Winter). The importance of Jobs, in this case, shifts our attention to key individuals who may be essential components in harnessing and directing routines. Without a rudder, the routines may lose much of their value. Of course, this steers us solidly into a micro-foundations perspective (e.g., see Barney and Felin or Foss)…

Contributed by Russ Coff

Samsung owns the Android ecosystem?

Google may have its back against the wall and needs the new Moto X phone to be a big success. They are planning to invest $500M just in marketing the new phone (more than Apple or Samsung). This may be motivated by the fact that Samsung is capturing up to 95% of the profits from the Android ecosystem since it owns the “last mile” where consumers lay down cash for devices. Samsung has recently invested further in their Tizen mobile operating system to keep their options open and solidify their bargaining power against Google (a nice 5 forces example of tapered integration). Google’s battle to remain relevant in the Android ecosystem is a nice update to the mini case posted earlier here on Google’s $12.5B acquisition of Motorola Mobility. Also, based on this review, it appears that they may have created some of the vertical integration value. Here is a demo video for the Moto X.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Google Graveyard: An optional story

Google has brought many products and ideas to market that have been unsuccessful and ultimately pulled back.GoogleGraveyard Forbes recently published an infographic that illustrates many of these. This is valuable to point out the uncertainty surrounding new products and services and how a real option portfolio might be an appropriate tool for making investment decisions. Ultimately, the process may look a bit like a venture capital portfolio. Given Google’s successes, we may forget their many ideas that have not worked well in the marketplace. There are a number of other resources here that help to focus on real options as a strategic tool.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Schmidt on Disruptive Technologies

McKinsey has put together a video of Google’s Eric Schmidt discussing disruptive technologies. It is divided into four segments: 1) Biology goes digital, 2) Materials and manufacturing, 3) My computer my friend, and 4) Man vs. machine. They also have a transcript of his comments available.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Teens Enriching Uranium (ONN)

The Onion offers another entertaining report about teens enriching and selling uranium. While the discussion of “Toping” is a bit silly, the question about stemming the diffusion of some innovations is central to technology strategy. More seriously, why don’t we see wider diffusion of this 75 year old technology?

Contributed by Russ Coff

Failing … to Succeed

Peter Klein writes, “To illustrate the importance of experimentation and learning, I showed my students the Michael Jordan ‘Failure’ commercial. Inexplicably, they were not moved to tears, as I was.” J.K Rowling’s 2008 graduation address at Harvard is also a nice example though it may be a bit long to play in class.

Contributed by Peter Klein

M&A: Resistance is Futile

The Star Trek reference to the Borg may be lost on most of today’s students. However, their method of absorbing all life forms with which they come in contact is similar to how some firms integrate targets. I recently taught the GSK/Sirtris case in which there is a debate on how much to integrate a target that has a culture of innovation. Ultimately, Sirtris was fully integrated and the original research capabilities were lost. The final decision to shutter Sirtris came just as one of the original co-founders published promising new findings.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Groupon: The Next MySpace?

You could easily fill an hour by just playing the videos below, saying “discuss,” and then stepping out of the way. I use the videos (all 3) along with the available case study — Ivey case W12674, which already has its own teaching note. As preparation for the Groupon discussion, you could also ask students to explore the web site where Groupon makes its sales pitch to merchants, at https://www.grouponworks.com/. Here are the videos:

Groupon would fit best as a closing exercise at the end of a module on sustainability of competitive advantage. To add a humorous interlude to your discussion, you might include this Brazilian video or this ONN TED talk on Social Media.

Contributed by Rich Makadok

Jay’s Coinflip: Innovation as luck

coinflipJay Barney describes a coin flip exercise to make the point that innovation might be modeled as an outcome of pure luck.  If so, how can firms manage such processes? The exercise is simple:

  • Distribute coins to the class and have them flip.
  • Those who flip “heads” remain standing, “tails” sit down (unless everyone gets a tail – then they remain standing)
  • Repeat until one person is standing & pass all coins to him/her

Discussion focuses on several key points (Russ Coff’s slides emphasize real options):

  • What capabilities/skills did the winner have? Make a big show of trying to find out how the winner did it (it’s all in the wrist, etc.). Often the winner will have flipped 5 in a row or more (a 3% probability?). People will laugh since they know it’s luck.
  • Is it possible that innovative companies are just lucky? We don’t see a lot of repeat innovators and, if it is luck, even these might be explained.
  • Selection bias is a problem if we try and draw conclusions by only looking at winners. In a population (like the class), the probability that someone will flip 5 in a row is rather high. We can only identify causality if we study the whole population.
  • If it is luck, how should one manage investment? This is a nice lead in for portfolios of strategic investments/real options or superior expectations/forecasting.

Contributed by Jay Barney

Groupon Follies: Get a Brazilian…

This Groupon Superbowl commercial is quite funny (even if it is in bad taste). However, the company has struggled and one year after its IPO the price was 81% below the initial price. A recent spike when a hedge fund took a toehold position only underscores the company’s troubles as investors hope for better management. Before the IPO, Groupon turned down a $6B offer from Google — something that Google should appreciate since the company is worth less than half that amount a year after the IPO. One reason for the bearish response is that the entry barriers are fairly low and the competition is significant (e.g., Living Social and even a new eBay venture along these lines). Why was this so hot anyway?

Contributed by Russ Coff

Social Media: Avoiding new ideas

This “Onion Talk” (parody of a TED talk) describes how social media obviates he need for any new ideas. “The world’s most successful companies know that social media is a powerful marketing tool, and Cameron Hughes knows how to make social marketing even more effective: by never injecting an ounce of effort into it.” One might use this to discuss whether there is a social media bubble (consider Facebook, Groupon, etc.).

Contributed by Russ Coff

Core Competence Follies at 3M

This is an old video depicting the process for a $20M investment in the laserdisk division. It has two uses in class. First it illustrates some limits of “core competence” (as the term is usually used) as a guiding principle for analyzing whether business units will add value — the clip describes 3M’s competence, with a straight face, as “two dimensional products.” Second, the video might be described as depicting an exercise decision for a real option that was acquired earlier. One can explore the role of core competence and other organizational factors in making such exercise decisions.

3M, of course, is extremely sophisticated in it’s management of core competencies — maintaining deep expertise in a well-defined set of technologies. The only one with the wool pulled over their eyes was the filmmaker who really did believe that 3M’s core competence was 2 dimensional products…

Contributed by Russ Coff

FBI Investigates Kickstarter as a Scam

This ONN report describes Kickstarter as a cyber crime scam. Of course, Kickstarter has some spectacular successes. However, this spoof does underscore some legitimacy issues that impede this business model and this may lead to a valuable discussion.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Blockbuster Video Museum (ONN)

This is a humorous look at the implications of new technologies. The Blockbuster Video Living Museum offers tourists a glimpse of how Americans rented movies in the days before Netflix and iTunes..

Contributed by Joan Allatta