Apple’s Addiction to Samsung

Apple is famous for being secretive about it’s proprietary knowledge. One would think that they would love to stop handing over their most strategic technical knowledge to Samsung, their biggest rival in smartphones. Nevertheless, all existing iOS core processors have been manufactured by Samsung. They just can’t stop themselves — the A7 chip continues the multi-year pattern of outsourcing production of the heart of the iPhone to their chief competitor. Rumors have been flying that Apple is going to switch to a new supplier, TSMC (Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co). That may still happen in the near future but the fact that Apple could not shake it’s dependence on Samsung quickly despite large investments in TSMC speaks to the extent of Samsung’s manufacturing advantage. This would seem to prompt a nice discussion of capabilities, rivalry, and alliances…

Contributed by Russ Coff

Capabilities: Matrix Mouse

This mouse clearly has extraordinary capabilities. These are especially notable after it acquires the VRIN resource (cheese). Which is the critical resource, the cheese or the ability to acquire it at a discount (e.g., still being alive)?

Contributed by Russ Coff

Switching Costs and Apple’s Pie

Of course firms  try to do what they can to increase the switching costs for customers who might consider rivals’ products. Apple has been a master of this — all in the name of customer service. A recent article by Geoffrey Goetz describes why the Apple “ecosystem” is so hard to move away from. While this analysis suggests that the cost of switching isn’t nearly what people might imagine (less than $10), if people perceive the costs to be high, that may be all that matters. A recent study indicated that Apple has taken three times as many customers from Samsung as Samsung has taken from Apple. In this sense, the perceived switching costs would seem to run in Apple’s favor. While this analysis can be done on any industry, asking people in the classroom about switching smartphones is likely to unearth a rich discussion. This can be used to introduce five forces analysis and also illustrate how switching costs can be asymmetric in an industry and contribute to a favorable position for a given firm.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Apple’s Rotten Core Competency?

Apple’s board is growing impatient and is calling for increased innovation as they try to put the loss of Steve Jobs behind them. At the same time, projections indicate that their anticipated product changes will be incremental at best. A recent article coins the term “frosted glass effect” to describe the incremental innovations that signal a fast moving challenger will soon leapfrog over a stodgy slow moving incumbent (like Apple). Not to be left out, the Onion has entered the fray as well. In short, stakeholders are wondering how critical Jobs was to Apple’s “organizational” capabilities — Has the core competence really rotted away? Some discussions of dynamic capabilities place great emphasis on organizational routines as the key elements that drive the ability to acquire, integrate, recombine and release resources and capabilities (e.g., see Winter). The importance of Jobs, in this case, shifts our attention to key individuals who may be essential components in harnessing and directing routines. Without a rudder, the routines may lose much of their value. Of course, this steers us solidly into a micro-foundations perspective (e.g., see Barney and Felin or Foss)…

Contributed by Russ Coff

Madonna vs. The Stones?

A longstanding debate has compared the “static” resource-based view to dynamic capabilities. When does competitive advantage stem from staying the same and when does it demand constant change? This article in the Financial Times explores how the Rolling Stones have maintained their advantage by avoiding change. The article discusses how change may be bad for goods that have emotional appeal. In contrast, Madonna has reinvented herself multiple times. This is most apparent in her reinvention tour (below). The musical legends may help to bring this discussion to life.

Contributed by Aya Chacar

A Drinking Problem: Pepsi Challenge

The 3E Learning site discussed in another post includes a nice writeup on using the classic Pepsi challenge but including generic soda. Here is an excerpt: “In this exercise, student volunteers blindly taste three different soft drinks: Coke, Pepsi, and a store brand. The student then tries to assess which one each drink is. Across several years of performing this, in every semester a majority cannot identify their preferred drink, nor can many identify any of them correctly. After several volunteers make the attempt, the class engages in meaningful conversation about how and why Coke and Pepsi capture so much market share, when their products cost 50% more than store brands.” What, then, is the basis for competitive advantage when imitation is so evident? It’s worth noting that Pepsi did not include generics in the original challenge — why might that be?

Feedback about the exercise (from 3E-Learning)
  • “The soda taste test definitely opened my eyes to realize the importance of branding, marketing, and customer brand loyalty in a business.” Continue reading

Developer Releases Pirated Game

Greenheart Games developed a game (Game Dev Tycoon) where the objective is to manage a video game company. However, they did something a little different. They simultaneously released a “cracked” version of the game that was identical except that player’s new products would be pirated. Eventually, the player’s company goes broke since they can’t make any money. Here is their blog post (or pdf in case the site goes dark) describing what happened (e.g., how users of the cracked version complained that they couldn’t win). This is a great vehicle for discussions of ethics, intellectual property, and even game theory. This short video report describes the ploy:

Contributed by Rich Makadok

Teens Enriching Uranium (ONN)

The Onion offers another entertaining report about teens enriching and selling uranium. While the discussion of “Toping” is a bit silly, the question about stemming the diffusion of some innovations is central to technology strategy. More seriously, why don’t we see wider diffusion of this 75 year old technology?

Contributed by Russ Coff

Failing … to Succeed

Peter Klein writes, “To illustrate the importance of experimentation and learning, I showed my students the Michael Jordan ‘Failure’ commercial. Inexplicably, they were not moved to tears, as I was.” J.K Rowling’s 2008 graduation address at Harvard is also a nice example though it may be a bit long to play in class.

Contributed by Peter Klein

Starbucks’ Dual Advantage

BusinessWeek offers a nice analysis of Starbucks’ decision to lower prices on its premium coffee. Rita McGrath describes the “hourglass economy” as thick markets for low cost and highly differentiated products. Accordingly, Starbucks is keeping prices high for premium drinks in its stores but dropping the price of coffee by 10% to draw in more price conscious consumers. This strategy leverages Starbucks’ lean supply chain operations that give it a very low cost structure despite offering premium products. Ultimately, this puts higher cost rivals at a disadvantage because Starbucks can offer a better value proposition.

Contributed by Russ Coff

Team Capability Inventory

You can take internal analysis down to the team level with a quick introductory exercise. The object is to find some commoFantastic4n capabilities across the team (beyond the obvious) and to find some unique capabilities that each person brings to the table. Then the team must describe how some of the unique capabilities could be leveraged in a team project.

  1. Objective: Find Capabilities. Uncover 3 abilities all members of this small group have in common (other than the obvious things such as you have taken the same classes). For example, all may have strong spreadsheet skills or all are good at interviewing. Then identify 1 capability that is unique to each person in the group. For example, only one is an accomplished musician or has contacts in the insurance industry. Continue reading

Do We Need Managers? Valve doesn’t…

Valve Corporation is a game developer that has 400 employees, no bosses, and is very successful. How can you have a structure that flat? The company, a spawn from Microsoft, seems to be doing just fine thank you. The information at the following seven web links (including a podcast and the employee handbook) contain all of the raw material required for a live case:

I think you could probably just give these seven web links to students, say “discuss,” and get out of the way.

Contributed by Rich Makadok

Valentine’s Day: A Formula for Love

You may have heard Jay Barney say there cannot be a rule for riches (or the rents will be competed away). However, Harlequin romances has been using a formulaic approach to developing romance novels for years. This HBS case on Harlequin explores their resources and capabilities in this area in the context of a strategic decision. Is the formula a source of advantage? If not, what is? To go with this case, you might consider using:

  • This Pandora radio post on the formula for a love song.
  • This video of Kurt Vonnegut describing the formulaic approach to telling stories (such as Cinderella).

Contributed by Aya Chacar

Groupon: The Next MySpace?

You could easily fill an hour by just playing the videos below, saying “discuss,” and then stepping out of the way. I use the videos (all 3) along with the available case study — Ivey case W12674, which already has its own teaching note. As preparation for the Groupon discussion, you could also ask students to explore the web site where Groupon makes its sales pitch to merchants, at https://www.grouponworks.com/. Here are the videos:

Groupon would fit best as a closing exercise at the end of a module on sustainability of competitive advantage. To add a humorous interlude to your discussion, you might include this Brazilian video or this ONN TED talk on Social Media.

Contributed by Rich Makadok

Ryanair: New heights from low costs

In this interview (9:44), Deputy CEO, Michael Cawley, explains Ryanair’s relentless pursuit of cost reduction and the resulting value created. High demand elasticity contributes to their advantage since the increase in total demand arising from lower prices gives them added volume on routes that might not be profitable for other carriers. The interview is conducted by Juan Jose Guemes from IE Business School. Of course, there are several nice cases written about the company that go well with this.

Contributed by Birgul Arslan

Words in Sentences Org Design Exercise

The attached documents (below) contain the instructions to distribute to students and the raw material strips for the exercise. The attached PowerPoint file contains a list of what to prepare before class (slide 1) and the slides for class, including discussion and wrap up slides. It is best to go over the directions in detail in class as, unfortunately, students often do not read the directions very carefully; the verbal overview also gets them thinking about setting up a divisional vs. a functional structure for the task. It really is worth stressing the fact that they need to set up a structure. Choose an external quality control group at the beginning of class — Purposefully pick students who are quick and pay attention to detail for this task, as it will have to be completed in a short period of time.Overall, what tends to happen is that both groups improve from trial 1 to trial 2, however the functional group improves by a much greater amount and generally has fewer QC errors (i.e. words used repeatedly). Continue reading

Steve Jobs Version 2 Released

Of course Steve Jobs’ passing raises the question of whether Apple’s capabilities are housed more in organizational routines or were lost when Jobs died. This ONN spoof describes Apple’s release of a new and improved Steve Jobs (now in a white turtleneck with curly hair).

Contributed by Russ Coff

Alaska Gold Mine Exercise

The Alaska Gold Mine case is my (Mason’s) favorite starter case for undergraduate, MBA, and executive MBA strategy courses. Reprinted here with permission of author Jeffrey Barach along with my PointPoint slides I use to administer the case.

Click to get the:

The video below provides a lot of good fodder to reference back to when doing the exercise. Start the class session by showing the video before doing anything else. Continue reading

Paul Friga’s Video Library

Paul Friga is kind enough to maintain a library of videos for teaching various strategy topics. You can find it on his web page here (or click on he picture). Resources are arranged by topic so they are easy to find.

Case Libraries

2e1e41_ff04ac9674ba4be1848f097fee5bd061Here are some popular case repositories: